Synchronization in WebDriver

The time mapping between Script Execution on WebDriver and Eelapsed
time of AUT is called Synchronization

Elapsed time means, time taken by the application to complete specific transaction/operation

Below scenarios are some of the examples where synchronization is applied:
-during application launching time
-when application is performing back end transactions
such as Insert, update and Delete
-when application is loading next page (i.e. Page load time)
-to reach status bar 100% (i.e. uploading/downloading files)


Synchronization options:
-----------------------
There are 2 ways to synchronize test execution

1. Unconditional based Synchronization: Using "Thread" class we can pause execution to fixed time,
irrespective of application process

Syntax:
Thread.sleep(time in milliseconds);

2. Conditional based Synchronization: Based on particular element (i.e. driver.findElement) or elements
(i.e. driver.findElements) availability we can pause execution
In webdriver we have 3 types of options to synchronize test execution
a. Implicit wait:
b. Explicit wait:
c. Fluent wait:


a. Implicit wait: Using this option, we can pause execution to specified amount of time
(i.e. 30 sec) when any webelement is not able to identify on a page during runtime

Syntax:

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(time, TimeUnit parameter);
Exp:
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Exp: Write script to select "Hyderbad-MGBS" in "http://www.apsrtconline.in/oprs-web" using implicit wait

WebDriver driver= new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://www.apsrtconline.in/oprs-web/");
driver.manage().window().maximize();
//implicitlywait (This applies to all the elements in this script, hence this is widely used)
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

//to enter "HYD"
driver.findElement(By.id("fromPlaceName")).sendKeys("HYD");

//to pause execution
//Thread.sleep(3000);


//to select "HYDERABAD MGBS"
driver.findElement(By.linkText("HYDERABAD MGBS")).click();





b. Explicit wait: To pause execution at particular position based on presence
of webelement in DOM(i.e. to wait when webelement code not available in HTML page)

Syntax:
Wait obj=new WebDriverWait(driver, 30);
obj.until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOFElementLocated(By.id("id value of element"));

Exp: Write Explicit wait to pause execution based on "Password" webelement presence

Wait wt= new WebDriverWait(driver, 30);
wt.until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.id("Passwd")));

Exp: Write script to select "Hyderbad-MGBS" in "http://www.apsrtconline.in/oprs-web" using explicit wait

WebDriver driver= new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://www.apsrtconline.in/oprs-web/");
driver.manage().window().maximize();

//to enter "HYD"
driver.findElement(By.id("fromPlaceName")).sendKeys("HYD");

//to pause execution
//Thread.sleep(3000);

//to pause execution based on "HYDERABAD MGBS" link availability using Explicitwait
//this applies to the specific element only unlike implicitwait
Wait wt= new WebDriverWait(driver, 30);
wt.until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.linkText("HYDERABAD MGBS")));

//to select "HYDERABAD MGBS"
driver.findElement(By.linkText("HYDERABAD MGBS")).click();



c. Fluent Wait: Using this option we can specify specified amount of time to pause execution
when webelement is not found to operate, it will try to find webelement repeatadly
on a page(DOM) based on given time paramter (i.e. polling time)

Syntax:
FluentWait wt = new FluentWait(driver).withTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.pollingEvery(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class);


Exp: WebDriver driver= new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://www.apsrtconline.in/oprs-web/");
driver.manage().window().maximize();

//implicitlywait
//driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

//to enter "HYD"
driver.findElement(By.id("fromPlaceName")).sendKeys("HYD");

//to pause execution
//Thread.sleep(3000);

//to pause execution based on "HYDERABAD MGBS" link availability
FluentWait wt = new FluentWait(driver).withTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.pollingEvery(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class);

wt.until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.linkText("HYDERABAD MGBS")));

//to select "HYDERABAD MGBS"
driver.findElement(By.linkText("HYDERABAD MGBS")).click();
}


Exp: Write script to validate login functionality in Gmail application with valid data


script:
WebDriver driver= new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://gmail.com");
driver.manage().window().maximize();
//driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

driver.findElement(By.id("identifierId")).sendKeys("seleniumuser15");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//span[text()='Next']")).click();

//to pause execution
Wait wt= new WebDriverWait(driver, 30);
wt.until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.name("password")));

driver.findElement(By.name("password")).sendKeys("Mercury9");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//span[text()='Next']")).click();

Thread.sleep(3000);

String pgTitle= driver.getTitle();
if (pgTitle.contains("seleniumuser15")){
System.out.println("succesful login operation");
}
else{
System.out.println("unsuccessful login operation");
}


CASESTUDY:  Synchronization in WebDriver:  We need to wait for elements
-to be present -->in DOM for any webelement(ImplicitWait)
-to be available -->in DOM for specific webelement (ExplicitWait)
-to be clickable -->FluentWait